What Is the Difference Between AMD and Intel?

Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) and Intel are two different companies that produce motherboards and central processing units (CPUs) found within personal computers (PC). The CPU is probably the most important part of the computer, as it is where most calculations take place that run computer programs and systems. The speed with which a CPU can process these calculations is usually given in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz). Motherboards provide the circuitry for all computers to function.

While both AMD and Intel offer a range of different CPUs with differing speed processing speeds and price levels, Intel owns a greater percentage of market share than AMD. Both companies have been making computer components for decades, and are said to be the leaders in research and development in the computer industry for this field. Since these are two different companies, it can be difficult to compare the products created by each of them. One of most commonly listed differences is the fact that AMD tends to be cheaper than Intel.

Intel has been the established leader for producing circuit boards and CPUs from the start. It is said that AMD has been influenced by the prices and technological advances of Intel. Not only does AMD produce their own lines chips and motherboards, they also produce cloned versions of Intel products. Some people choose AMD over Intel because the AMD and Intel chips and circuit boards provide almost identical functionality, but the AMD version is about half the price of the Intel one.

Besides cost, the other key differences between AMD and Intel processors are the clock speed and the socket used to connect the processor to the computer. The clock speed is the number of operations a computer can perform in a clock cycle, which is usually one second. Due to design differences, Intel processors are usually faster than AMD ones, but AMD processors are more efficient. As such, for each AMD and Intel processor, the Intel version is usually slightly faster than its AMD counterpart.

The difference in sockets is an important factor to consider. Not only do the connectors not match up, the electrical characteristics and instructions used are different. This is important if anything were to happen to the processor in a computer. If the processor had to be replaced, it would have to be replaced by the same brand, either AMD or Intel. Processors can be upgraded, but again, the same brand must be used when making the replacement.

How to install ORACLE 9i in XP

The Installation Process

As with most Windows installation programs, inserting the CD-ROM (ordered or purchased from Oracle) into the CD-ROM drive automatically executes the setup program. (If this does not happen, use the Windows Explorer to view the contents of your CD-ROM drive and double click on the “setup” program there).

If you downloaded the Oracle9i from Oracle Technet, then you need to unzip the files into a three temporary directories and double click on the setup.exe program in the Disk1 directory) to get the installation process started.

The following Welcome window will appear:

It is assumed that this is a fresh install so no other Oracle products should be installed at this time.

Click on the Next button to move to the File Locations screen as shown below:

In this screen, the Source and Destination locations must be selected.

The Source path should reflect either your CD-ROM or the directory in which you unzipped the source files. Leave this as the default. In the example above, the source files were unzipped into c:\source\Oralce\9i\NT20009011\Disk1 directory.

For the Destination, leave the Oracle Home named OraHome90 as the default. Choose a hard disk drive that has at least 10 gigabytes of free space. In the example here, we are using the C: drive.

Leave the \Oracle\Ora90 path as it is (the default). If you must change this to a different drive, only change the drive letter and not the directories.

Click on the Next button to load the Product information. This may take up to 2 minutes (depending on the speed of your machine). Once the product information has been read, the following 3 “Available Products” options are presented:

Make sure the Oracle9i Database 9.0.1.1.1 is selected and click on the Next button.

The “Installation Types” screen will appear next. For this installation, we chose the Enterprise Edition.

The “Database Configuration” screen will appear next:

For this install, we chose the “General Purpose” Database option. Click on the Next button to continue.

The next step is to identify the database using the Global database name:

If some default Global database name and SID are given, keep them. Otherwise, use the following (make a note of these for later on):

Global Database Name is orcl

Oracle SID is orcl

Click on the Next button to continue to the “Data File Location ” screen

In this step, you need to select where the Oracle data files will be located. In large operations, we typically keep the data files on a separate disk (or disks), however, for this install, we are storing the data files in the same C:\oracle directory tree. Keep the default as shown and click on the Next button to continue.

In the next screen, choose the default character set for the database:

Click on the Next button to move to the “Summary” screen:

In this screen (shown above), the products and files that will be installed are summarized. Note that in this example, it will take 1.5 GB MB of disk space for the installation of the software. Additional space will be required for the default database.

If everything looks OK at this point, click on the Install button to begin the installation.

During the install, you will notice various Oracle products being copied over to the hard disk. For example, in the above figure, a portion of the Oracle Enterprise Manager is being installed.

Once the installation is completed, the next step will be to configure the various additional services and the database. This is shown below:

Each of the configuration programs will be executed in turn. The HTTP Server (Oracle/Apache) should launch automatically and open up TCP/IP port 80. You should notice a new Command window as follows:

Oracle HTTP Server Powered by Apache/1.3.12 (Win32) ApacheJServ/1.1 mod_ssl/2.6.4 OpenSSL/0.9.5a mod_perl/1.24 running...

The Net Configuration Assistant and Oracle Intelligent Agent should run automatically and not prsent any sustained screens.

The Oracle Database Configuration Assistant will appear for some time while the default database is created and opened. As below:

Once the default database has been installed, the following screen will appear:

Clicking on the Password Management button and change the default passwords for the SYS, SYSTEM, SCOTT and DBSNMP accounts as shown below:

Click the OK button when done.

This should conclude the configuration of the database and the “End of Installation” screen should appear as below. Click on the Exit button and click on the following Yes button to confirm exiting the Installation program.

At this point, be sure to reboot your computer so any final changes can take affect. In particular, the path c:\oracle\ora90\bin will be added to the PATH environment variable.

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New Program Groups

After Oracle9i is installed, you will notice several new program groups in the Start menu.

These include:

• Oracle Installation ProductsTools to help manage the installation and removal of Oracle products on the machine.
• Oracle – OraHome90The set of tools used to work with Oracle90. These include:
  • Application Development – Tools to develop Oracle applications including SQL*Plus
  • Configuration and Migration Tools – Tools to migrate older Oracle databases to version 9i
  • Enterprise Management Packs
  • Enterprise Manager Quick Tours
  • Integrated Management Tools
  • Oracle HTTP Server

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Starting and Stopping the Database

Under Windows NT and Windows 2000, the Oracle 9i database runs automatically as a service. Below is a view of the Windows 2000 Services mangement console showing the services installed by default:

Note the last one OracleServerORCL is the actual database process itself. OracleOraHome90TNSListener is the listener process for remote connections to the database. OracleOraHome90Agent is the Oracle Agent used to communicate with management services. Finally, the OracleOraHome90HTTPServer is the Oracle/Apache web server.

Since the OracleServerORCL service is set to start automatically, the database wll start and mount each time the computer is started up. To manage the database processes directly, one can use the Enterprise Manager Console in Stand-alone mode. From the Start menu, choose Programs -> Oracle - OraHome90 -> Enterprise Manager Console and select Launch Standalone. The following screen should appear:

Click on the plus sign to expand the Databases branch and then once again to expand the ORCL branch. When prompted for username and password, use the SYSTEM account and choose to log in as SYSDBA. In SYSDBA mode, the SYSTEM user can perform most any manipulation of the database.

Once logged in, clicking on the Instance tree and then the Configuration tree should display the current state of the database:

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Testing the Installation

Once the database is running, the SQL*Plus tool can be used to connect to the database.

Go to the Start -> Programs -> Oracle - OraHome90 -> Application Development program group and run the SQL Plus application. Once SQL Plus is running, you will be prompted for 3 things: Username, password and Host String.

The default Database Administrator’s account has a username of SYSTEM and a default password of MANAGER. You may have changed the SYSTEM account password in a previous step so use the new password.

Fill in the Username and password fields with the SYSTEM account and leave the Host String field blank. Since we are connecting to a local Oracle database, no Host String is required. Click on the OK button as shown below:

If the database is running and the username and password are typed correctly, SQL*Plus should log the SYSTEM user in and present the SQL> prompt as shown below:

By default, you can also log in with the SCOTT/TIGER account. That is, there is a demo account already set up in the database with username SCOTT and password TIGER. Many of the examples in the Oracle documentation use the tables included in the SCOTT user’s account.

Indian Currency gets a Symbol

Finally, the Rupee will have a symbol like the Dollar ($) or the Euro (€) or the Pound (£). On 15th of July 2010 cabinet, finalized the design for the Rupee.

Again an engineer, IIT post-graduate Uday Kumar has been honored. His design out of five shortlisted ones is selected for the new symbol of the Indian Rupee.

After a long time, Indian government organized a competition for designing the currency symbol of Indian Rupees. Prize money of the competition was 2.5 lakh. Indian economy is growing very fast and most probably that was the influencing reason for prompting the government to think in this direction. Finally, with the symbol Indian rupee has joined the elite club of global currencies like the US dollar, the British Pound, European Euro and Japanese Yen that have unique symbols. As abbreviations for Euro or USD is used for currency of Europe and United states similarly abbreviation for the Indian Rupee will continue to be ‘Re’ or ‘Rs’.
Now the next question was, as Dollar, Euro, Pound or Yen got a place on Key board will the Indian rupee get a place on the PC? So that people need not copy paste the image every time we need to mention it in somewhere.

Government has done its part. Now it is our turn to make it a success.

New Rupee Symbol of India - How to use in Computers?

• Download the font. -> ”Rupee_Foradia.ttf”
• Save it to fonts folder of your PC: Location :
• C:/Windows/Fonts and then go to the C:/Windows/Fonts location and install(double click)
• Open your word processor and select the “Rupee_forindian”.

• Just select “Rupee” font from the drop down list of your fonts in your application and press the key just above your tab button. It will display the new Rupee symbol of India.

SRC:Crazy Engineers

How to contribute to Wikipedia?

It’s very unlikely that a frequent internet user had never stumbled into Wikipedia. Its an idea which has accelerated & revolutionized the information sharing between people. It’s very much similar to Open Source movement & many times it’s being related to OS.

Wikipedia is quite a well known name in WWW & gets priority in Google search due to its huge user base & bulk of information. Almost every type of information exists in Wikipedia. If it doesn’t exists, someone can add.

Wikipedia pages are created by the huge contribution of volunteers who shared their information. There is a hierarchy of users in Wikipedia. As you contribute more information, you will be promoted to higher levels.

These are the excerpts from About Wikipedia which explains the working & vastness of Wikipedia.

Wikipedia is written collaboratively by largely anonymous Internet volunteers who write without pay. Anyone with Internet access can write and make changes to Wikipedia articles (except in certain cases where editing is restricted to prevent disruption and/or vandalism). Users can contribute anonymously, under a pseudonym, or with their real identity, if they choose, though the latter is discouraged for safety reasons. The Wikipedia community has developed many policies and guidelines to improve the encyclopedia, however, it is not a formal requirement to be familiar with them before contributing. Since its creation in 2001, Wikipedia has grown rapidly into one of the largest reference web sites, attracting nearly 68 million visitors monthly as of January 2010. There are more than 91,000 active contributors working on more than 15,000,000 articles in more than 270 languages. As of today, there are 3,262,891 articles in English. Every day, hundreds of thousands of visitors from around the world collectively make tens of thousands of edits and create thousands of new articles to augment the knowledge held by the Wikipedia encyclopedia. (See also: Wikipedia:Statistics.)

How to contribute to Wikipedia?

Wikipedia is powered by a free software called MediaWiki. MediaWiki allows you to edit any page within the wiki. To edit a page, you simply click on the edit tab at the top of a page. There are other tab at the top like discussion tab which is for describing your addition to a wiki page.

Contributing to Wikipedia is quite an easy job, though the process of contributing as explained by Wikipedia is too cumbersome that may scare away the possible contributors.
First of all, create a username in Wikipedia, its recommended (by me) because you can access your contribution list & watch list (see on top right of the picture). Although you can contribute without getting signed up but you can’t access your contribution list & you can’t observe which of yours contribution are retained on the Wikipedia & which are removed. Formatting the text follows some rules which is easy to learn. After looking at some edit pages text anybody can understand the format & rules to be followed. There are also some set of wiki help pages concerning the format & rules.

There are many ways you can contribute to the Wikipedia, contributing pictures is quite an easy job. You have to search in Google images for free images. (use advance preferences as shown in picture)

You can add your own photos clicked by yourself (It will be better if you get its copyright using some copyright providers like Creative Commons). Upload the picture to Wiki-media Commons i.e. the repository of all Wikipedia files.
Wikipedia hates illegal use of copyrighted content.
You can also add some useful articles in the Wikipedia if its not there. You can edit some content which you find appropriate to be appended or added. In editing a content or adding new article, the important issue is citation. You must refer to a reliable source of information that can be cross verified or your amendment will be rolled back by any higher authority. Mostly reliable source is another reliable site. You can’t give reference of a forum or similar sites, since the information present there is questionable. For further information visit this link.

Warnings

• Never include your contact information, such as phone numbers or email addresses when adding content or comments to Wikipedia pages. Your contact information may be used in an unsuitable manner, such as spam emails.

Contributing to Wikipedia is like a community service but in my opinion its far greater than community service because your fruits of contribution nurtures the whole world. So sign up to Wikipedia & start contributing.

SRC:Crazy Engineers

Installing MYSQL Connector/J JDBC on Microsoft Windows

Obtaining Connector/J MySQL JDBC Driver


Go to MySQL.com's JDBC section and click the 'Production Release' link for Connector/J:

Click the 'production release' link for Connector/J JDBC Driver.

A list of mirrors will be displayed to you. Pick a mirror and download Connector/J driver. Once you are done with downloading the .zip or .gz file, unzip or untar the file to extract the files in a temporary folder.

Installing Connector/J MySQL JDBC Driver

Among the extracted files will be a JAR file with a name like 'mysql-connector-java-3.0.8-stable-bin.jar'. Copy this file to your %JAVA_HOME%/jre/lib/ext folder which on my system happens to be D:\j2sdk1.4.2\jre\lib\ext>.

You should also add the complete path to this JAR file in your CLASSPATH environment variable. In case if you don't know how to do that, go to Start -> Settings -> Control Panel -> System -> Advanced (tab) -> Environment Variables. Double-click 'CLASSPATH' if it is already listed there or click 'New' to create one with the name of 'CLASSPATH'. If you already had a 'CLASSPATH environment variable listed, simply type in (or paste) the complete path including file name in the window that opens up *at the end of* existing CLASSPATH values. If you are creating a new 'CLASSPATH' environment variable then simple enter '.;' and then append the complete path to Connector/J's JAR file.

Note:

The CLASSPATH variable contains a list of semi-colon separated folders and JAR files where JVM will search for Java class files. You should always separate paths with semi-colon (;) so that JVM can understand where one path ends and next one begins. Also keep in mind that in CLASSPATH variable paths, the first path is always '.' (single dot) which means current folder, so that JVM starts the search for Java class files from the current folder.

Window - Environment Variables

Window - Edit System Variable

If you've correctly added the path to Connector/J JDBC driver's JAR file in your CLASSPATH environment variable then you are done with installing MySQL Connector/J JDBC driver.

Tip:

When you make changes to any of your environment variables (like CLASSPATH), close and re-open any open command prompt windows so that they refresh their environment variable value's cache.

IT GIRL to IT WIFE -- The Transformation!!!

When i was posting i just came across an interesting picture,Just have a read and here the real life scenario is best depicted!

Philosophy in Life

Bhagavad Gita is the most unusual and the one of the most important scriptures. Its is the divine voice of the God. One can be spiritually benefited by mediating and contemplating on the Gita. One's all doubts are removed and by following it, one can attain Him. This Celestial Song was sung by Lord Krishna.






Whatever happened, it happened well.
Whatever is happening, it is happening well.
Whatever will happen, it will also happen well.
What of yours did you lose?
Why or for what are you crying?
What did you bring with you, for you to lose it?
What did you create, for it to be wasted or destroyed?
Whatever you took, it was taken from here.
Whatever you gave, it was given from here.
Whatever is yours today, will belong to someone else tomorrow.
On another day, it will belong to yet another.
This change is the law of the universe.